Tuesday, October 1, 2013

Consumerism, Milgram, and Obedience

Someone shared this piece about Obedience recently.  As a youngin' I was exposed to psychological thought through my Dad's library.  Peter Gabriel's song Milgram's 37 contributed as I studied bio anthro in college.  I had read Media Sexploitation by BW Key in high school, and in recent years read William Parrish's Anxious Decades about the 1920s.  The depth of consumer conditioned thought is a basic reality that can be addressed.  I started going camping in college, and think that activity can help stimulate alternative thinking.   Gandhi's activism in which he used a spinning jenny to prepare and make his own cloth is another.

....
In contemporary society, the most powerful authorities are the interlocking boards of directors of major business corporations and the state apparatuses that support them. As in the Milgram paradigm, the demands made by these authorities on today's consumers and citizens are leading to increasingly grave consequences for human life, including dangers that were not foreseen when Corporate America first launched the mass consumerist experiment in the years following World War I.

How is obedience maintained in consumer society? What sorts of escalating consequences can we expect if it continues?

While large corporations sometimes give direct orders to consumers, more often they exact obedience in indirect ways by suggesting images, ideas and social narratives, and by manipulating emotions so that desired behaviors become more likely. This is what we call marketing and advertising, and it works extremely well.

In recent years, a growing body of psychology research, including important work by Tim Kasser at Knox College, has revealed associations between corporate propagation of materialist attitudes (i.e., having a strong value orientation toward money and possessions) and poorer life satisfaction, higher levels of anxiety and depression, poorer quality of interpersonal relationships and lower self-esteem.

According to other researchers, such as Susan Linn at Harvard University, the consequences of prioritizing the consumerist mindset are even more debilitating for children than they are for adults, especially for young children who have not yet developed the capacity for critical thinking. Direct corporate messaging to children, a relatively new and highly sophisticated phenomenon, is a pretty easy way to boost sales, but it also has predictably negative effects on kids' social, psychological and physical health. For example, most marketing to children is for junk food, a significant risk factor for obesity. According to the New England Journal of Medicine, obesity-related disease is predicted to shorten kids' life spans to such a degree that the current generation will probably die younger than their parents for the first time in the modern era.

As mass consumerism was being promoted in the early 20th century and the modern advertising industry was developing, the full matrix of hazards were unknown. The "shocks" caused by obedient behavior were limited and minimal - the equivalent of a slight tickle. This is no longer the case. As circumstances have changed with time, the consequences of obedience to the corporate imperative have become much more dangerous.

In spite of overwhelming evidence that the habitability of our ecosystem is threatened due to rampant hydrocarbon exploitation, natural resource depletion and unrelenting pollution, we are surrounded by incessant appeals from dominant institutions to pull levers of consumption to keep ourselves and our society flourishing.

Overconsumption is a function of obedience built on the false premise that eternally acquiring more goods will make you, your family and your society happier. These goods are produced in a way that - we now know - is likely to lead to global environmental catastrophe. While many authorities acknowledge climate realities, they also claim that the extraction of fossil fuels continues to be necessary for powering a high-tech, industrial economy.

Is there really no alternative to digging up and burning all the oil, gas and coal that industry can find? Safe energy alternatives to fossil fuels are, in fact, already technologically feasible, but they do not maximize profits and therefore are not offered as a serious replacement. Full transformation to a green energy economy is a realistic option that would come with many permanent jobs, but this is not a choice offered by fossil fuel corporations and the state that subsidizes them to the tune of billions of dollars a year. At the end of the day, an "all of the above" energy policy like that of the Obama administration cannot hold back irreversible climate change....

http://www.truth-out.org/opinion/item/19050-the-experiment-requires-that-you-continue-obedience-to-corporate-state-authority-in-an-increasingly-dangerous-consumer-society

Saturday, September 28, 2013

Climate CO2 Concentrations-Canadian Climate Freeze


I heard at Democracynow.org about the recently released IPCC report 2013.

1) Reading the latest Nat Geo, they mentioned the number of 400 ppm of CO2 concentration.  I thought it was too soon, technically.  Not last winter.  I first found a nice discussion at Lester Brown's Earth-Policy's site, then found my way to the NOAA's site. 

2) This morning (Sat. 9-29) I heard Amy Goodman's broadcast about Greenpeace and Canadian Tar Sands protests in which she mentions Canada's conservative Harper government.  I'd ultra conservative, or even reactionary.  I found a strong piece by the Guardian's Stephen Leahy, below.

3)  Greenpeace video (and collection), this one about oil pollution in Siberia by Gazprom...  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fO-1Su0C5KI&list=UUTDTSx8kbxGECZJxOa9mIKA
 






Graph on Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Fossil Fuel Burning in Industrial Countries and the Rest of the World 1751-2012
,,,CO2 emissions in developing countries surpassed those from industrial countries in 2005 and have since continued to soar. China’s carbon emissions grew by 44 percent since 2007 to 2.4 billion tons in 2012. Together the United States and China account for more than 40 percent of worldwide emissions. Emissions in India, home to more than a billion people, overtook those in Russia for the first time in 2008. From 2007 to 2012, India’s emissions grew 43 percent to reach 596 million tons of carbon. Carbon emissions in Indonesia, another fast-growing economy, have exploded, growing 52 percent to hit 146 million tons in 2012.
Although emissions from developing countries now dominate, the industrial countries set the world on its global warming path with over a century’s worth of CO2 emissions that have accumulated in the atmosphere. Furthermore, emissions estimates discussed here include only those from fossil fuels burned within a country’s borders, meaning that the tallies do not account for international trade. For example, emissions generated from producing goods in China destined for use in the United States are added to China’s books. When emissions are counted in terms of the final destination of the product, the industrial countries’ carbon bill increases.
On a per person basis, the United States emits 4.4 tons of carbon pollution—twice as much as in China. The highest per capita carbon emissions are in several small oil and gas producing countries. In 2012, Qatar spewed out 11 tons of carbon per person. Trinidad and Tobago is next with 9 tons of carbon per person, and Kuwait follows at 7.5 tons.
Fossil fuels are not the only source of CO2 emissions. Changing the landscape, for example by burning forests, releases roughly 1 billion tons of carbon globally each year. Brazil and Indonesia have high levels of deforestation and are responsible for much of the current carbon emissions from the land.....


2)  Canada has been under its Prime Minister Steven Harper for some years.  He's a conservative who's a lot like George W. Bush.  A UK Guardian article from 2010 cites a report by a coalition of Canadian NGOs that is shocking, but typical.

"....

Canadian government 'hiding truth about climate change', report claims

Canada's climate researchers are being muzzled, their funding slashed, research stations closed, findings ignored and advice on the critical issue of the century unsought by Prime Minister Stephen Harper's government, according to a 40-page report by a coalition of 60 non-governmental organisations.
"This government says they take climate change seriously but they do nothing and try to hide the truth about climate change," said Graham Saul, representing Climate Action Network Canada (CAN), which produced the report "Troubling Evidence".
"We want Canadians to understand what's going on with this government," Saul told IPS.
Climate change is not an abstract concept. It already results in the deaths of 300,000 people a year, virtually all in the world's poorest countries. Some 325 million people are being seriously affected, with economic losses averaging 125 billion dollars a year, according to "The Anatomy of a Silent Crisis", the first detailed look at climate change and the human impacts.
Released last fall by the Geneva-based Global Humanitarian Forum, the report notes that these deaths and losses are not just from the rise in severe weather events but mainly from the gradual environmental degradation due to climate change.
"People everywhere deserve to have leaders who find the courage to achieve a solution to this crisis," writes Kofi Annan, former U.N. secretary-general and president of the Forum, in the report.
Canadians are unlikely to know any of this.
"Media coverage of climate change science, our most high-profile issue, has been reduced by over 80 percent," says internal government documents obtained by Climate Action Network.

http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2010/mar/18/climate-change-canada

Thursday, September 26, 2013

Pesticide Bans in El Salvador-Greenpeace-New CO-OPs

I started this morning off (9-26-2013) with a look at Friends of the Earth, then at the Pesticide Action Network in Europe, then Greenpeace action in Europe, and finally at the European Co-op member, CICOPA.  The latter reminded me of their video I found recently on youtube.  It is phenomenal, and reminded me of Naomi Klein and Avi Lewis' The Take about Argentina.  The Mondragon segment is amazing, along with fine new developments in France, Poland, and Italy.  That's my take on it.  You'll find four items below, though I plopped the youtube link here up front as a worthy highlight.
Cheers and onward to sustainability to avert the otherwise inevitable!
 

1  )  http://www.radiomundoreal.fm/7108-el-salvador-moviac-celebrates-ban?lang=es

18 de septiembre | Informes especiales | Bosques y biodiversidad | Derechos humanos | Soberanía Alimentaria

El Salvador: MOVIAC Celebrates Ban on 53 Agrotoxics and Demands Immediate Government Enforcement

Descargar: MP3 (1.6 MB)
The Salvadoran Congress recently passed a ban on the use and commercialization of over 50 active principles of agrotoxics. The Movement of People Affected by Climate Change and Megaprojects (MOVIAC) in El Salvador considered the move a positive contribution to society.
In a press conference held by the organization on Monday 16th, in San Salvador, members of MOVIAC said the agrarian corporations are increasingly pressuring Salvadoran President Mauricio Funes to veto the measure. They demanded the government’s immediate enforcement of the ban.
The advocates of agribusiness claim that without them they would not be able to supply food for the population and plagues and weeds would abound.
MOVIAC representatives feel that banning the use of agrochemicals is a very important step, since it would prevent diseases such as kidney failure and cancer, and it would also prevent environmental pollution, especially the soil and the water streams.
“We would like to acknowledge the Legislative Assembly’s contribution to society. We believe this is a very important reform because it not only prevents future health risks, but it also prevents environmental pollution”, said Jose Acosta representative of VOCES en la Frontera and member of MOVIAC.

http://pan-europe.info/Resources/index.html
14th June 2012
Brussels

Revolutionary judgment of EU Court grants access to court for NGO's
Today European General Court ruled [1] that European Commission’s practice of denying NGO's access to court and requesting a review is illegal. In contrast to commercially interested parties who get the opportunity from Commission to challenge their decisions, NGO's such as PAN-Europe were never granted the right to defend their interests on European level . The General Court now decided that NGO's have the right to request an internal review for a wide scope of decisions of European authorities. This concerns in fact the majority of the decisions published such as approvals, guidelines, derogations, etc. The Court ruling is based on the Aarhus Treaty on access to justice and on a wrong implementation of the Treaty in the EU. The ruling will have an enormous positive impact on NGO's in defending public interests.


  

New report shows urgent need to eliminate bee-killer pesticides in Europe

09 April 2013
by greenpeace -- last modified 11 April 2013
Greenpeace has released a comprehensive scientific review of the factors that put pollinators and agriculture in Europe at risk. The study highlights the ecological and economic importance of healthy bee populations and stresses the urgent need for the elimination of bee-harming pesticides from agriculture. Such elimination would be a crucial and effective first step to protect the health of bee populations and to safeguard their pollination value that is vital for the ecosystem and food production in Europe.

4) Japan: 17 new cooperatives created in the disaster-hit areas

          18 September 2013

    It is almost two and a half years, and little is heard about reconstruction work in Tohoku, even in Japan, despite the fact that reconstruction is far from complete. However, 17 new worker cooperatives have been created since the terrible earthquake and tsunami in one of the most affected regions by the earthquake in Japan.

  • 124 cooperatives recently became operative in various sectors in Cuba. 25 of them are active in the sectors of construction, transport and waste collection. Until recently, cooperative enterprises were active only in the field of agriculture in Cuba.

youtube.com/watch?v=2Gx4IRYQXxM




  
 

      •  

Monday, September 16, 2013

USW and Mondragon Update etc

With the second anniversary of Occupy Wall St. approaching, I was finally able to organize my thoughts and unearth this recent gem.

2) The link further below came to my attention in a search for the Amazon.com situation with the strike in Germany.

3)  A link from the above contained more about the Fast Food strike movement, also below.


The United Steelworkers, Mondragon, and the Ohio Employee Ownership Center Announce a New Union Cooperative Model to Reinsert Worker Equity Back into the U.S. Economy

Information:
USW: Rob Witherell, rwitherell@usw.org
OEOC: Jim Anderson, jander77@kent.edu
Mondragon International USA: Michael Peck, mpeck@mapagroup.net

Pittsburgh (March 26, 2012) – Leo W. Gerard, International President of the United Steelworkers (USW), together with representatives from Mondragon International, S.A., the global worker industrial cooperative leader, and the Ohio Employee Ownership Center (OEOC), announced today that a new “union co-op” model template is available for organizations wanting to combine worker equity with a progressive collective bargaining process. This template was created as follow up to the original USW-Mondragon framework agreement launched in October 2009 to collaborate in establishing Mondragon-like industrial manufacturing cooperatives that adopt collective bargaining principles to the Mondragon worker ownership model of “one worker, one vote” within the United States and Canada.
Titled “Sustainable Jobs, Sustainable Communities: The Union Co-op Model”, this new public domain template (available at www.usw.coop and www.union.coop) offers a road-map primer for competitive and equitable employment creation based on fifty-five years of Mondragon principles put into marketplace practice. Aimed at creating an economy that can work for everyone who works, the union co-op model shows how “doing well by doing good” reflects core American values of self-reliance, community solidarity, and ownership as an ineluctable component of the American dream based on competitive business practices. The underlying union co-op principle is that this model will result in improved, self-reinforcing, virtuous cycle worker and customer satisfaction through higher accountability, productivity, and efficiency because all workers will have
Bill McIntyre - Program Coordinator,
Ohio Employee Ownership Center


an equal equity stake in the company, will share common goals, and adhere to common principles and practices that broaden the definition of value beyond the “bottom line”. Additionally, union co-ops through this model are structured to benefit from lower overhead costs while potentially accessing higher impact union benefit plans, such as healthcare and pensions. Simply put, union co-ops are a better way of doing business.
.....

http://www.usw.org/media_center/releases_advisories?id=0523

2) The site below looks really good-

https://leftlaborreporter.wordpress.com/2013/05/17/amazon-com-workers-go-on-strike-in-germany/

3) and I found this link there-

The fast food strikes which made the news in August... http://economix.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/08/29/marching-at-mcdonalds-for-a-15-wage/?emc=edit_tnt_20130829&tntemail0=y&_r=1

4)  Walmart's failure in Germany, from a moderate source-    

Walmart in Germany: Cultural Problems

walmart logoThis article on the cross-cultural problems faced by Walmart in Germany is part one of a three part article entitled International Retail and Cross Cultural Issues. If you have come straight to this page please click the link to go to the beginning.

Otherwise, read on....


Walmart move into Germany


In 1997 and 1998 Walmart acquired two companies - Wertkauf and Interspar - in Germany. During its expansion Walmart managed to also successfully enter a number of international markets including Canada, Chili, Brazil, India, and China.

However, during this whole period of expansion Walmart also experienced a number of defeats. Germany was one of them.

Culture factors in play

Analysts still argue about the reasons behind the failure of Walmart in Germany. However, among them are a number of culture-related issues that come up rather often. There were two groups of factors, which contributed to Walmart’s failure in Germany.

The first cluster is related to mismanagement.

Firstly, some of the American employee management practices just didn’t fit in the German context. For example, each employee before the shift had to participate in a morning exercise. In could be seen as harmless, but the best thing about this practice was that they had to do it chanting “WALMART! WALMART! WALMART!” . If in America such practice could be used to boost morale and inspire loyalty, then in Germany it was looked upon with annoyance, to put it mildly.

Secondly, Walmart’s ethical code caused much frustration as well. For example, the practice of actually spying on your co-workers and reporting any misconduct may be acceptable in the U.S. However, in Germany it is not the case. One only has to think back to the 1940s and post-war Germany when citizens were actually doing this on a social level - thus the modern abhorance.

....      http://www.kwintessential.co.uk/resources/walmart-germany-cultural-problems.html

Monday, July 1, 2013

Community Wind in the US

A recent search by me just turned up some new info about community wind in the US.  A few more links I dug up are included below.



...A cornerstone of the community wind idea is that profits will be reinvested into the community. Jake Susman, CEO of US developer OwnEnergy, currently the largest national player in community wind, says: ‘Our Pennsylvania project makes donations to the local fire house. We sponsor scholarships in Texas around our project there. We’re doing similar work in Oklahoma, and we’re now in upstate New York putting together a community group to let the community decide how to reinvest in the local area. In New York the people want more hiking trails; we also sponsor the local baseball team.’ Wind power for schools is a popular benefit, adds Susman.

Success stories
Five-year-old OwnEnergy has developed 27 community wind projects totalling more than 1 GW across 14 US states, according to Susman. The company’s strategy is to attend trade shows and ‘let the [customers] come to us’ – ensuring that local support is already in place – rather than choosing an ideal location in advance....


This is from Own Energy´s website "About", with some of the expected necessary ingredients, especially the stint at Goldman Sachs....! - 

Our Story

Wind Farm Turbines
OwnEnergy founder and community wind thought leader Jacob Susman “fell into” the power sector in 1999, after relocating to Spain with his wife. As a Project Manager for the AES Corporation, he developed conventional and renewable wind energy projects for three years—including one of the largest power plants in Spain and diligence of over 1,000 MW of wind farms—before the renewable “boom” took place in the U.S. 
Jacob recognized unlimited local and global potential energy in this centuries-old concept, which was returning to the forefront as a more eco-friendly alternative to conventional wind power. Unlike traditional energy resources, renewable wind power required heavy local development input—much of which was managed right in the local community. 
Renewable energy remained central to his thinking while completing an MBA at The Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania, where he developed the concept for OwnEnergy as part of the Business Plan Competition. After leading his team to the finals, Jacob continued to build the business out of Wharton’s incubator. 


Here´s one original source for Denmark, their Wind Turbine Owners´ Association- http://www.dkvind.dk/html/eng/eng.html  (currently under repair)


and Germany´s wind owners site- http://www.wind-energie.de/en 

Tuesday, June 4, 2013

American Fascism: Ralph Nader Decries Big Business

I always feel happy when I see Nader in the spotlight.  I just wish he were the President calling the shots.  He can still do it, or at least, show how it can be done for some future leader.

 

American Fascism: Ralph Nader Decries How Big Business Has Taken Control of the U.S. Government


Guests

Ralph Nader, longtime consumer advocate, corporate critic and former presidential candidate. He is now organizing with the campaign, TimeForARaise.org. His latest book is Told You So: The Big Book of Weekly Columns, with an introduction by Jim Hightower.

Describing the United States as an "advanced Third World country," longtime consumer advocate and former presidential candidate Ralph Nader calls for a new mass movement to challenge the power corporations have in Washington. "It is not too extreme to call our system of government now 'American fascism.' It’s the control of government by big business, which Franklin Delano Roosevelt defined in 1938 as fascism," Nader says. "We have the lowest minimum wage in the Western world. We have the greatest amount of consumer debt. We have the highest child poverty, the highest adult poverty, huge underemployment, a crumbling public works — but huge multi-billionaires and hugely profitable corporations. I say to the American people: What’s your breaking point? When are you going to stop making excuses for yourself? When are you going to stop exaggerating these powers when you know you have the power in this country if you organize it?" Nader has just published a new book, "Told You So: The Big Book of Weekly Columns."


This is a rush transcript. Copy may not be in its final form.
AARON MATÉ: For the rest of the hour, we’re joined by Ralph Nader, consumer advocate, corporate critic, attorney, author, activist and former presidential candidate. For well over four decades, Ralph has helped us drive safer cars, eat healthier food, breathe better air, drink cleaner water and work in safer environments. His devotion to political reform and citizens’ activism has fueled a number of critical policy victories and the creation of generations of watchdogs and activists to carry them forward.
AMY GOODMAN: Ralph Nader came to prominence in the early '60s, when he began to take on powerful corporations and work with local activists on their campaigns, putting himself on the map in 1965 with his book Unsafe at Any Speed: The Designed-In Dangers of the American Automobile. In this interview from that same year, Nader pointed out the safety flaws of General Motors' Chevrolet Corvair.
RALPH NADER: What aggravates the problem is that the rear wheels of the Corvair begin to tuck under. And as they tuck under—the angle of tuck under is called "camber." And as they tuck under, it can go from three or four degrees camber to 11 degrees camber almost in an instant. And when that happens, nobody can control the Corvair. Interestingly—
CBC INTERVIEWER: Well, then, surely they did the right thing. They found out there was something was wrong with the car, and they fixed it.
RALPH NADER: Yes. The question is: Why did it take them four years to find out? This is my point. Either it’s sheer callousness or indifference, or they don’t bother to find out how their cars behave.
AARON MATÉ: Ralph Nader’s exposé led to the first of a number of federal laws bearing his imprint: the 1966 National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act. As he moved on to public and environmental health, Nader would help spur landmark bills, including the Safe Drinking Water Act of 1974, and the creation of federal regulatory agencies, such as the Environment Protection Agency. Meanwhile, Nader also helped found a number of nonprofit organizations dedicated to the common good, including the Public Interest Research Group, or PIRG, and Public Citizen.
AMY GOODMAN: In recent years, Ralph Nader’s name has become synonymous with challenging the nation’s two-party political system. He ran for president in 1996 and 2000 as a candidate on the Green Party ticket, again in 2004 and 2008 as an independent.
Ralph Nader is just out with a new book—it’s his columns—called Told You So: The Big Book of Weekly Columns. It’s an anthology collecting Nader’s weekly opinion pieces. Throughout, Nader tackles the major political issues of our time while offering practical solutions rooted in collective organizing.
Ralph Nader joins us for the first time in our studios, the greenest TV, radio, Internet studios in the country.
Welcome, Ralph.
RALPH NADER: Thank you.
AMY GOODMAN: It’s good to have you with us. So, the title, Told You So?
RALPH NADER: Yes. I’ve been impressed by how all the warmongers and the false predictors get promoted, and they get on op-ed pages, and they get jobs after they have failed in the U.S. government. We know Robert Rubin and Larry Summers and Wolfowitz and Cheney and all these people. And we don’t—we don’t recognize people who have predicted accurately, who have spotted problems arising, as we should. And so I decided to say—excuse me—I decided to say, "Told you so," as we told Nixon about the rise of corporate crime. We warned about the Iraq War and the consequences. We made sure that the consequences of repealing Glass-Steagall were going to lead to huge speculation and serious problems on Wall Street for trillions of dollars of workers’ money. And again and again and again. And there’s something wrong with a society that marginalizes, in so many ways, the people who were right, the people who predicted right, who cautioned, who sent up the warning signals to the American people; and the people who got us into Iraq and warmongering and militarism and corporatism, they’re the ones who get applauded, those are the ones who get $100,000 speeches, like Bush is getting, $150,000. So, I decided—
AMY GOODMAN: Where did he get that?
RALPH NADER: I decided to throw down the gauntlet and say, "Told you so."
AARON MATÉ: Ralph, can you compare our capacity for taking on corporate crime, one of your big issues, from when you first started out to today? Have we developed any improved regulatory framework to tackle the crimes of corporations?
RALPH NADER: No, the corporate criminals have overrun the government. The Justice Department now has expanded Bush’s practice of deferred prosecution. So, Attorney General Holder and President Obama now are basically saying to corporate crooks, "You don’t have to admit. You don’t have to deny culpability. We’ll defer prosecution. Just pay a fine that’s a fraction of the cost of doing business." So the drug companies may pay individually when they’re caught, $500 million, a billion dollars, but they’ve gained numerous billions of dollars. Nobody goes to jail. No corporate charters are pulled. It’s basically above the law.
AARON MATÉ: Ralph, in the past few months, fast-food workers across the country have walked off the job in a bid for a higher minimum wage. They’re seeking $15 an hour and the right to unionize without harassment. The one-day strikes have hit seven cities: Seattle, Milwaukee, Washington, D.C., Detroit, St. Louis, Chicago and New York City. This is organizer Jennifer Epps-Addison of the group Citizens Action of Wisconsin.
JENNIFER EPPS-ADDISON: Fast food, in retail, it’s one of the fastest-growing industries. It’s one of the most profitable, with $200 billion in profits. And yet, these are the lowest-paid workers in our economy. They’re standing up and saying, "Our families can’t survive on $7.25 an hour."
AARON MATÉ: Ralph, this is a big issue of yours, seeking a higher minimum wage. Your thoughts on this fast-food strike?
RALPH NADER: Yeah, it’s a good start. And we’ve got to show the American people it’s easier than they think to turn the country around in many ways. And let’s start with the lowest bar of all. Thirty million workers in this country are making less today than that workers made in 1968, inflation-adjusted. These are the workers who clean up after us, grow our food, serve us in the stores, take care of our ailing grandparents. Just let that figure sink in. These are the workers that are most underemployed, underinsured. They work in often the most dangerous situations. They don’t have unions. And the question is: Is our society so inert, is our society so surrendering of any kind of civic sovereignty, that we cannot get a minimum wage equal to 1968? That’s supported, by the way, by 70 percent of the people, including Rick Santorum, and until last year, Mitt Romney. That’s how basic it is. So, we have a president saying in 2008, when he was campaigning, he wants $9.50 by 2011, and now he’s down to $9.00 by 2016. The Democrats are sitting on inadequate bills in the House and Senate and not really pushing the Republicans.
So, here’s what we’re trying to do. August is the big recess, where the members of Congress go back home. So we want people to get 300 to 400 signatures on a summons by the people back home, summoning the congresspeople and the senators to exclusive town meetings in each district. And those of you who are watching or listening to this program and want to show how to turn this around—it’s a great economic stimulus, by the way, to give people who desperately need the necessities of life more money—if you want to take 30 million people up to $10.50 an hour, which catches up barely with 1968, even though the worker productivity has doubled, by the way, since then, just go to timeforaraise.org. Remember, this is—if we cannot do this, it’s doubtful we can change anything in this country. Timeforaraise.org. You’ll get a "whereas ... whereas ... whereas ..." very well done summons that you can go around and get people to sign—it will be the easiest petition you’ll probably ever get to sign—to the congressperson or the senator, saying, "In August, and in a municipal building or wherever, we want you to show up, and we’re going to let you know what we want you to do." That’s why I called it a summons instead of a petition.....

see the rest at       http://www.democracynow.org/2013/6/4/american_fascism_ralph_nader_decries_how

Saturday, June 1, 2013

An Ecological Economist in Ceara, Brazil

An economist in Ceara, Brazil wrote on May 27, 2013 an opinion piece drawing on the thought of Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen.  I was pretty excited, as a current resident of South America whose masters at New York University was directly related to his work.
       So, here's my response to his letter in Portuguese.  The original article by Mr. Cialdini follows.  I´ve included a link to an interview with Herman Daly in Portuguese also.
        I'll work on translating the material here soon.

First, here's a link to a network of community banks practicing solidarity economics in Brazil-  http://www.bancopalmas.org.br/oktiva.net/1235/nota/54173

The Nature of Economics is the Economics of Nature

Scarce goods, alternative goals, choice, allocation, and redistribution are what compose the nature of economic science.  The origin and nature of the concept of economics is connected to the study of the processes of production and the exchange of products.  In its Greek origins, the term means “the rules of the home.”  In 1932, the economist Lionel Robbins concerned himself with the ways in which human beings satisfy their unlimited needs with scarce resources.  To simplify the neoclassical school, he defined the economic theory of production according to two factors: Capital, represented by “K”, and Work, represented by “L.”  The Cobb-Douglas production function (Q=f(K,L)), which combines the names of its creators, (was later formulated with these variables and) is the one most utilized in terms of theory.
     The discussion about the economics of nature owes itself significantly to the economist Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen, the first non-ecologist to call attention to the debate about the ecological crisis of development.  He showed that the economic system was not in perpetual motion, or that it somehow feeds itself  in a circular system.  On the contrary, it is a system which transforms natural resources into refuse or waste which cannot be reused.  The economic system cannot contradict the laws of physics.  The second law of thermodynamics, the entropy law, establishes that the degree of disorder of an isolated system tends to increase with time, impeding any inclination towards perpetual motion.  In the same way, the economic system cannot move forever without inputting resources and outputting waste products.  The productive processes include different kinds of agents, such as (constructive capital, work, and flows of natural resources, products, and waste).  To develop a new representation of the process, Georgescu-Roegen emphasized that it is linear and open.
    The entropy law is the one most applicable to economics of all the physical laws and brought to the debate the question of the relationship between efficiency and the structure of production processes. 
There is a basic qualitative difference between the factors of production that was ignored by the neoclassical system until Georgescu-Roegen's work.  The concept of production should be labeled “transformation;” this would provide adequate recognition of the phenomenon of (flow).  In the context of entropy, every process of transformation, every act by a human or an organism can only result in a deficit for the whole system.  Thus, when we produce a sheet of copper from the mineral we diminish the entropy of the mineral, but only at the cost of a greater increase of entropy in the universe (through the resulting heat and waste). 
    One day humanity will have to think about stabilizing its economic activities, since there will not be any way to avoid the (overall) dissipation of the materials used in industrial processes, and since nature is(, in fact,) the limit of economics.   

Alexandre Cialdini

my response:



     Mr. Cialdini's opinion piece of May 27th was stimulating to read.  His conclusion that ecological realities of physical entropy will require humanity to “think about stabilizing its economic activities” is important.  However, environmental problems are extremely urgent, and the accomplishments of some of humanity already act as lighthouses towards the ecological path.  Ceara itself already has technologies in various areas including energy and agriculture, and holds conferences which promote sustainability. 
    Georgescu-Roegen was an important thinker, but others have followed in his footsteps.  It was others, significantly Herman Daly, who brought ecological economics to the next level.  Besides his academic work, Daly advised in the establishment of the environmental department at the World Bank and founded the International Society of Ecological Economics, which has had a branch in Brazil for years.  He is the co-author of a text for bachelors' programs, which includes the ecologically reformulated Cobb-Douglas equation (Q=f(N, K, L; r)). (He includes simple entertaining insights such as that conventional ideas make it look as if cooks in kitchens are the ones transformed into the food dishes, and not the ingredients mixed and prepared so painstakingly.) Besides his work, there is a growing group of academics, notably Ms. Elinor Ostrom, who shared the Nobel Rijksbank prize in 2009 for her exceptional fieldwork and observations which indicate the consistent ability of communities to care for their natural resources.
    The work of this academic group reflects scientific studies which are already connected to political processes.  The IPCC reports followed the negotiations at the 1992 Rio Earth Summit UNCED Conference, for example, and the WWF Living Planet Report comes from a well-informed NGO participant at all these proceedings before and since the Rio + 20 Conference of 2012.  (The reports show that the planet already faces disastrous consequences as the result of current prevailing technologies.)
    The efforts to advance sustainability by various people in economic entities is shown by the work of associations like IFOAM, the leading international organization of organic agriculture, and the IREA, the International Renewable Energy Agency.  A specific example is that of the multinational Interface Carpets, Inc.  Ray Anderson, the CEO, was shown a client's letter in 1994 which asked about the company's environmental policies.  Since then, the company has become an environmental leader, i.e. reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 82% and increasing sales by 66% among other accomplishments.  They also offer consulting services in the field.  Greenpeace is another which developed a refrigeration technology that is ozone safe, and which they make available without a fee.  More humble and community-based efforts also contribute significantly, such as agroecological co-operatives.
    Thus, while the IPCC and WWF reports show an environmental crisis so serious that many more academics and enterprises still need to change for the better, the path to put humanity aright is already well lit.  Why have so many not yet gotten on it?



Prezado Senhor ou Senhora,



A opinião de Sr. Cialdini foi estimulante a ler no 27 de Maio. A conclusão dele, que as realidades ecológicas da entropia física vão criar a necessidade da humandidade a “pensar em estabilizar as atividades econômicas” é importante. Porém, existe uma situação mais exigente enquanto já existem as realizações de alguns da humanidade como faroís para o caminho ecológico. Ceará próprio já tem tecnologias em vários áreas, incluindo energia e agricultura, e conferenças que promovem sustentabilidade.

Georgescu-Roegen era um pensador importante, mas outros tem seguido o caminho. Foram outros, significativamente Herman Daly quem trouxeram economia ecológica para o próximo nível. Além de trabalho acadêmico, Daly estabeleceu um departamento no Banco Mundial e fundou a Associação International de Econômia Ecológica, que tem uma sede em Brasil há anos. Ele é co-autor dum texto para programas bachelarados, que inclui a equação Cobb-Douglas reformado ecologicamente. Além dele esta um grupo crescente de acadêmicos, notávelmente a Sra. Elinor Ostrom quem dividiu o prêmio Nobel Rijksbank em 2009 para trabalho excepcional em campo e observações que indicam a habilidade consistente de comunidades a cuidar de recursos naturais.

O trabalho dessa comunidade acadêmica reflete estudos científicos já ligados aos processos políticos. Os relatórios do IPCC seguem as negociações do Eco-92 da ONU, por exemplo, e o Relatório do Planeta Vivo do WWF vem dum ONG participante bem-informado em todos estes procedimentos antes e desde Rio + 20 do 2012.

Os esforcos de vários pessoas em entitades econômicas para avançar sustentabilidade esta mostrado pela presença de associações como a IFOAM, a organização internacional para agricultura orgânica e a IREA, a Agencia Internacional de Energia Renovável. Um exemplo específico é do multinacional Interface Carpets, Inc. Ray Anderson, o CEO, foi mostrado a carta dum cliente em 1994, que perguntou sobre as políticas ambientais da companhia. Desde então, ela virou um forte líder, i.e. reduzindo emissoes de efeito estufa por 82% e aumentando vendas por 66% entre outras realizações. Eles também oferecem serviços de consultaria na área. Greenpeace desenvolveu uma tecnologia refrigeração que é seguro para o ozonio, e disponibilizou-a sem taxa. Esforços mais humildes e comunitários também contribuem significativamente, como cooperativas agroecologicas.

Assím, enquanto os relatórios do IPCC e WWF mostram uma crise tão enorme que muito mais acadêmicos e empreendimentos ainda tem que mudar para o melhor, o caminho para colocar humanidade no certo já esta bem iluminado. Porque tantos ainda ficam atrás?


Here´s the original article in Portuguese:

CIÊNCIA 27/05/2013
A natureza da economia e a economia da natureza
"Um dia a humanidade terá que pensar em estabilizar as atividades econômicas"
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Meios escassos, fins alternativos, escolha, alocação, redistribuição compõem a natureza da ciência econômica. A origem e natureza do conceito de economia estão ligadas ao estudo dos processos de produção e troca de produtos. Na origem grega, o termo significa “regras da casa”. Em 1932, o economista Lionel Robins preocupara-se sobre a forma como os seres humanos satisfazem as necessidades ilimitadas, com recursos escassos. Para simplificar a escola neoclássica, definiu a teoria econômica da produção em dois fatores: o Capital, representado por K, e o trabalho, representado por L. A função de produção de Cobb-Douglas, que combina os apelidos dos seus criadores, é a mais utilizada em termos teóricos.

A discussão sobre a economia da natureza deve-se bastante ao economista Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen; o primeiro não ecologista que chamou atenção para o debate sobre a crise ecológica do desenvolvimento. Ele mostrou que o sistema econômico não era um movimento perpétuo, que alimenta a si mesmo de forma circular. Ao contrário, é um sistema que transforma recursos naturais em rejeitos ou refugos, que não podem mais ser utilizados. O sistema econômico não pode contrariar as leis da física. A segunda lei da termodinâmica, a lei da entropia estabelece que o grau de degeneração de um sistema isolado tende a aumentar com o tempo, impedindo a existência destes movimentos perpétuos. Da mesma forma, o sistema econômico não pode se mover para sempre sem entrada de recursos e saída de resíduos. Os processos produtivos possuem diferentes agentes, como capital construído, trabalho e fluxos de recursos naturais, produtos e resíduos. Ao desenvolver uma nova representação do processo, o autor destacou que ele é linear e aberto.

A Lei da Entropia é a mais econômica de todas as leis físicas e trouxe ao debate a relação entre a eficiência e a estrutura do processo produtivo. Há uma diferença qualitativa básica entre os fatores de produção, que foi ignorada pela abordagem neoclássica, até a formulação de Georgescu-Roegen. O conceito de produção deveria ser denominado transformação; isso daria a dimensão adequada do fenômeno de fluxo. No contexto da entropia, cada processo de transformação, cada ação do homem ou de um organismo só pode resultar num déficit para o sistema total. Assim, quando produzimos uma chapa de cobre a partir de um minério de cobre, diminuímos a entropia do minério, mas somente à custa de um maior acréscimo de entropia no universo.

Um dia a humanidade terá que pensar em estabilizar as atividades econômicas, pois não haverá como evitar a dissipação dos materiais utilizados nos processos industriais, pois a natureza é o limite da economia.

Alexandre Sobreira Cialdini
ac.economista@uol.com.br
Economista e secretário de Finanças do Tribunal de Justiça do Ceará

http://www.opovo.com.br/app/opovo/opiniao/2013/05/27/noticiasjornalopiniao,3063551/a-natureza-da-economia-e-a-economia-da-natureza.shtml









An interview with Herman Daly in Portuguese (Hey, I´m living in Brazil.  If you want a link in English, let me know):
http://www.responsabilidadesocial.com/article/article_view.php?id=1339